It can sometimes be difficult to start a sentence to express ideas, or find words to show the relationship between ideas.
Below is a list of possible sentence starters, transitional and other words that may be useful.
To introduce | ||
| This essay discusses … | … is explored … | … is defined … |
| The definition of … will be given | … is briefly outlined … | … is explored … |
| The issue focused on …. | … is demonstrated ... | … is included … |
| In this essay ….. | … is explained … | … are identified … |
| The key aspect discussed … | … are presented … | … is justified … |
| Views on …. range from …. | … is evaluated … | … is examined … |
| The central theme … | … is described … | … is analysed … |
| Emphasised are … | … is explained and illustrated with examples … | |
To conclude | ||
| In summary, … | To review, … | In conclusion, … |
| In brief, … | To summarise, … | To sum up, … |
| To conclude, … | Thus, … | Hence, … |
| It has been shown that, … | In short, … | |
To compare and contrast | ||
| Similarly, … | In the same way … | Likewise, … |
| In comparison … | Complementary to this … | Then again, … |
| However, … | This is in contrast to … | In contrast, … |
| And yet … | Nevertheless, … | Conversely, … |
| On the contrary, … | On the other hand, … | Notwithstanding … |
| Whereas … | In contrast to … | That aside, ... |
| While this is the case … | ... disputes … | Despite this, ... |
To add ideas | ||
| Also, … | Equally important ... | Subsequently, … |
| Futhermore, … | Moreover, … | As well as .... |
| Next… | Another essential point… | Additionally, ... |
| More importantly, … | In the same way … | Another ... |
| Then, … | In addition, … | Besides, ... |
| Then again, … | Firstly, ... secondly, ... thirdly, ... finally, ... | To elaborate, ... |
To present uncommon or rare ideas | ||
| Seldom ... | Few ... | Not many ... |
| A few ... | ... is uncommon | ... is scarce ... |
| Rarely ... | ... is rare ... | ... is unusual ... |
To present common or widespread ideas | ||
| Numerous ... | Many ... | More than ... |
| Several ... | Almost all ... | The majority ... |
| Most ... | Commonly ... | Significant ... |
| ... is prevalent ... | ... is usual ... | Usually ... |
To present inconclusive ideas | ||
| Perhaps ... | ... may be ... | ... might be ... |
| There is limited evidence for ... | ... is debated ... | ... is possibly ... |
| ... could ... | ... may include ... | |
To give examples | ||
| For example, ... | ... as can be seen in ... | ... supports ... |
| An illustration of ... | ... as demonstrated by ... | ... is observed ... |
| Specifically, ... | ... is shown ... | ... exemplifies ... |
| Such as ... | As an example ... | To illustrate, ... |
| For instance, ... | ||
To show relationships or outcome | ||
| Therefore ... | As a result ... | For that reason ... |
| Hence, ... | Otherwise, ... | Consequently, ... |
| The evidence suggests/shows ... | It can be seen that ... | With regard to ... |
| After examining .... | These factors contribute to ... | It is apparent that ... |
| Considering ... it can be concluded that ... | Subsequently, .... | The effect is ... |
| The outcome is ... | The result ... | The correlation ... |
| The relationship ... | The link ... | The convergence ... |
| The connection ... | ... interacts with ... | Both .... |
| ... affects ... | Thus it is ... | ... causes ... |
| ... influences ... | ... predicts ... | ... leads to ... |
| ... informs ... | ... presupposes | ... emphasises |
| ... demonstrates ... | ... impacts on ... | ... supports ... |
To present prior or background ideas | ||
| In the past, ... | Historically, ... | Traditionally, ... |
| Customarily, ... | Beforehand, ... | Originally, ... |
| Prior to this, ... | Earlier, ... | Formerly, ... |
| Previously, ... | Over time, ... | At the time of ... |
| Conventionally, ... | Foundational to this is ... | In earlier ... |
| Initially, ... | At first, ... | Recently ... |
| Until now, ... | The traditional interpretation ... | |
To present others' ideas | ||
| According to … | Based on the findings of ... it can be argued... | … proposed that … |
| As explained by … | … states that … | … claims that … |
| However, ... stated that … | ... suggested … | … concluded that … |
| Similarly, … stated that …. | … for example, … | … agreed that … |
| Based on the ideas of … | … defined …. as …. | … relates … |
| As identified by … | … disputed that … | … contrasts … |
| With regard to … argued that … | … concluded that … | … confirmed that … |
| ... argues …. | … highlights … | … demonstrates … |
| … found that … | … identifies … | ... wrote that … |
| … demonstrated … | … also … | … reported …. |
| … pointed out that … | … maintained that … | … hypothesised that … |
| … expressed the opinion that … | ... also mentioned …. | ... asserts that …. |
| … identified … | … goes on to state/suggest/say | … emphasises |
| … challenges the idea …. | … showed that … | … explored the idea … |
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